Economic Analysis
Narrative
For over a century, 91视频鈥 has been an educational and economic asset to the greater New York area. Throughout all campuses, 91视频 enrolls over 13,000 students, employs more than 5,500 people, and coordinates placement of students in thousands internships and clinical practice each year. In addition to our faculty, staff, and student community, 91视频鈥檚 activities and special events brings over 270,000 visitors to our various campuses each year. 91视频 is an important academic presence with an economic impact reaching throughout the region.
Economic Impact
91视频 spending on payroll, construction, procurement and other expenses has a significant impact, generating hundreds of millions of dollars of economic activity for the region. Likewise, our students and visitors throughout our various campuses spend on meals, entertainment, transportation and retail purchases, all of which has a tremendous impact on the local economy.
In total, 91视频鈥檚 impact on the regional economy amounts to $1.05 billion in increased output, $341.1 million in earnings, and 8,985 jobs1. This can be broken down into three major areas of impact: University Spending, Student Spending and Visitor Spending.
- University Spending: In the 2017 fiscal year, our university expenditures topped $368.2 million, contributing $143.9 million in salaries and benefits, $4.8 million in sponsored research, $178 million in scholarships, $25.6 million in capital projects, and $75.3 million in procurement, utilities and plant contracts. The multiplier effect, or secondary impact, of 91视频鈥檚 expenditures, as determined by the Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II) developed by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the U.S. Department of Commerce, generates an estimated $759.1 million in increased economic output, $264.4 million in earnings and 6,497 additional jobs.
Additionally, 91视频 makes significant contribution to state and local government taxes. In fiscal year 2017, the University withheld more than $9.5 million in NYC and NYS taxes from the employment income of all NYC and Westchester employees. In addition, we contributed over $500,000 in Metropolitan Commuter Transportation Mobility (MCTM) tax, and $1.5 million in property taxes. - Student Spending: Off-campus student spending also generates economic activity in the region. In fiscal year 2018, our students spent $127.9 million for off-campus housing, food, entertainment, housing, transportation, books, and other personal expenses. This spending supports employment, economic output and earnings in industries such as retail trade, real estate, food services, among others thereby generating $222.7 million increase in economic output, $56.5 million in earnings and 1,816 jobs.
- Visitor Spending: In fiscal year 2018, over 350,000 people visited 91视频 for theater and other performances, as well as conferences, camps, sporting events and speaking engagements. Visitors spent $33.6 million at restaurants, hotels, retail stores, and other community businesses. The secondary impact of visitor spending generates an estimated $63.8 million in economic output, $20.2 million in earnings and 672 full-time equivalent jobs.
Putting it all Together
91视频 is a strong economic vehicle generating over $1 billion in economic impact in the area.
Methodology
In order to define the economic impact of 91视频, we looked at several measures and estimates including the overall operating budget for the campus, the number and profile of students, and visitor spending. We calculated the multiplier effect, or secondary impact, of 91视频鈥檚 expenditures as determined by the Regional Input-Output Modeling System (RIMS II) developed by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the U.S. Department of Commerce.
Economic Impact of University Spending
Economic multipliers were obtained from the BEA and applied to the overall University expenditures. In order to estimate how 91视频 expenditures contributed economic activity in the region, we applied output, earnings, and employment multipliers associated with the industry Junior colleges, colleges, universities and professions schools-611A00. According to the BEA:
- Output represents the total dollar change in output that occurs in all the industries for each additional dollar of output delivered to final demand by the Industry corresponding to the entry
- Earnings represents the total dollar change in earnings of households employed by all industries for each additional dollar of output delivered to final demand by the Industry corresponding to the entry
- Employment represents the total change in number of jobs that occurs in all industries for each additional 1 million dollars of output delivered to final demand by the industry corresponding to the entry
These multipliers were applied to the University鈥檚 expenditure of $368.2 million to determine the indirect and induced impact University spending contributed to the major industries.
Economic Impact of Student Spending
While tuition and fees, and room and board for on-campus students, is already included in the overall University budget, we further estimated student spending off-campus. Estimates of student spending on books, living allowance, food, travel, and personal expenses are available in the University鈥檚 Cost of Attendance (COA) budget. With this information, and numbers of in- residence students and non-resident students, both independent and dependent, we able to allocate students to several spending profiles.
Multipliers for Retail Trade: Industry Codes 29 & 30 were applied to all student spending on personal expenses, books, and food, estimated at $52.6 million. Multipliers for Real estate: Industry Code 48 were applied to the housing budgets for students classified as 鈥渓iving independently.鈥 These off-campus housing expenditures were estimated at $75.3 million. Summer student spending was estimated at 25% of the annual COA, in line with comparable
reports. We further assume that 70% of our part-time students are already living and working in the area, therefore we estimated their spending at 30% of COA.
Economic Impact of Visitor Spending
In accordance with comparable reports, to determine the economic impact of visitor spending we obtained actual and estimated numbers of visitors from the University Departments of Special Events and Cultural Affairs. These included non-91视频 visitors who attended events, conferences, meetings, and other activities on our campuses during the 2018 fiscal year. These events were categorized as 鈥渋nternal鈥 special events and 鈥渆xternal鈥 special events. When actual numbers of non-91视频 attendees were not available, we estimated the total 91视频 attendees to 鈥渆xternal鈥 events to be 10% and the number of overnight visitors at external events to be 10% of the total.
Visitors to 91视频 may include prospective students, families, conference and special event participants. The visitors were categorized Day Trip and Overnight Visitors. As 91视频 event surveys of visitor spending are not available, we approximate visitor spending on food, entertainment, accommodation, and travel based on findings of recent comparable reports and publications2 which were then averaged:
- Day trip NYC: $76.00; Day trip Westchester: $83.00
- Overnight NYC: $364.00; Overnight Westchester: $252.50
Total visitor spending was estimated to be $33.6 million. Multipliers for Retail Trade-Industry Codes 29 & 30 were applied to the direct visitors spending to determine economic impact.
- According to the BEA: Output represents the total dollar change in output that occurs in all the industries for each additional dollar of output delivered to final demand by the Industry corresponding to the entry; Earnings
- US General Services Administration Per Diem Rates; National Park Service 2017 National Park Visitor Spending Effects